Inspired by the limitations of power-hungry and relatively expensive smart parking sensor devices, two strategies for the optimization are proposed. First one is based on the premise where a drop in received signal strength of the LPWA device can serve as the presence of the vehicle in the parking lot, while the second one proposes a big picture on a novel architecture for harvesting the surrounding energy and using the same for circuitry wake-up therefore saving the energy.
Two novel vehicle presence detectors, one battery-powered and based on 868 MHz LoRa technology and one solar-cell-powered and adopting BAP 866 MHz UHF RFID technology, are presented, designed, realized, and tested.