Tutorials
Optical Burst Switching: a New Paradigm for Next Generation Optical Internet
Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, University of Beira Interior, Portugal
Abstract: In this half-day tutorial, we will review network architectures for next generation optical Internet networks with special focus on the optical burst switching (OBS) paradigm. Due to the exponential increase of Internet traffic, IP (Internet Protocol) has become the convergence protocol for multi-service networks. On the other hand, WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) point-topoint links are already in use by a multi-layer architecture to transport IP traffic. Although this approach increases the link bandwidth by using WDM, it does not solve the problem of network bottleneck due to the exponential traffic growth, since this solution only shifts the bottleneck problem from the link to the electronic router. A solution to this problem that also leads to lower management costs and lower complexity consists in the use of a two-layer architecture, in which IP traffic is transported directly over optical networks. This tutorial will focus the integration of IP protocol with the optical layer, in order to build the so-called optical Internet. Approaches proposed for the optical Internet, namely the Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching framework conducted by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and the OBS paradigm will be discussed. After presenting the most important optical switching paradigms, we will concentrate on OBS networks. Concerning OBS networks, we will consider network architectures, burst assembly process, classes’ reservation, resource reservation protocols, contention resolution, and QoS support. The recent technological developments and future trends are also discussed.
Biography:
Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues is a Professor at the Department of Informatics of the University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, and researcher at the Institute of Telecommunications, Portugal. He received a PhD degree in Informatics Engineering and a MSc degree from the University of Beira Interior, Portugal, and a 5-year B.S. degree (licentiate) in Informatics Engineering from University of Coimbra, Portugal. His main research interests include optical networks, high-speed networks, and sensor networks, supervising several PhD and Master of Science candidates in these areas. He is member of the EU IST FP7 Network of Excellence Euro-NF, the EU IST FP6 Network of Excellence Euro-NGI and the subsequent Network of Excellence Euro-FGI, being the Co-leader of the Workpackage 1.2. Metro and Core Networks. He is the Chair of the Symposium on Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks of the SoftCom Conference (Sponsored by the IEEE Communications Software Technical Committee), member of many international program committees (IEEE ICC, IEEE Globecom, IEEE WCNC, IEEE CCNC, IEEE ISCC, SoftCOM, ICTTA, etc.) and several editorial review boards (IEEE Communications Magazine, Journal of Communications Software and Systems, International Journal of Communications Systems, International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking, etc.), and he has served as a guest editor for a number of journals including the Journal of Communications Software and System. He chaired many technical sessions and gave tutorials at major international conferences. He has authored or co-authored over 50 papers in refereed international journals and conferences, a book and a patent pending. He is a licensed Professional Engineer and he is member of the ACM SIGCOMM, a member of the Internet Society, and a Senior Member IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Communications Society and IEEE Education Society, and a member of several IEEE Technical Committees related with his research areas.
P-Oriented QoS in the Next Generation Networks: application to wireless networks
Pascal Lorenz, Universite de Haute Alsace, FRANCE
Emerging Internet Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms are expected to enable wide spread use of real time services such as VoIP and videoconferencing. The "best effort" Internet delivery cannot be used for the new multimedia applications. New technologies and new standards are necessary to offer Quality of Service (QoS) for these multimedia applications. Therefore new communication architectures integrate mechanisms allowing guaranteed QoS services as well as high rate communications.
The service level agreement with a mobile Internet user is hard to satisfy, since there may not be enough resources available in some parts of the network the mobile user is moving into. The emerging Internet QoS architectures, differentiated services and integrated services, do not consider user mobility. QoS mechanisms enforce a differentiated sharing of bandwidth among services and users. Thus, there must be mechanisms available to identify traffic flows with different QoS parameters, and to make it possible to charge the users based on requested quality. The integration of fixed and mobile wireless access into IP networks presents a cost effective and efficient way to provide seamless end-to-end connectivity and ubiquitous access in a market where the demand for mobile Internet services has grown rapidly and predicted to generate billions of dollars in revenue.
This tutorial covers to the issues of QoS provisioning in heterogeneous networks and Internet access over future wireless networks as well as ATM, MPLS, DiffServ, IntServ frameworks. It discusses the characteristics of the Internet, mobility and QoS provisioning in wireless and mobile IP networks. This tutorial also covers routing, security, baseline architecture of the inter-networking protocols and end to end traffic management issues.
Biography: Pascal Lorenz [SM ‘00] (lorenz@ieee.org) received a PhD degree from the University of Nancy, France. Between 1990 and 1995 he was a research engineer at WorldFIP Europe and at Alcatel-Alsthom. He is a professor at the University of Haute-Alsace and responsible of the Network and Telecommunication Research Group. His research interests include QoS, wireless networks and high-speed networks. He was the Program and Organizing Chair of the IEEE ICATM'98, ICATM'99, ECUMN'00, ICN'01, ECUMN'02 and ICT'03, ICN’04 conferences and co-program chair of ICC’04. Since 2000, he is a Technical Editor of the IEEE Communications Magazine Editorial Board. He is the secretary of the IEEE ComSoc Communications Systems Integration and Modelling Technical Committee. He is a member of many international program committees and he has served as a guest editor for a number of journals including Telecommunications Systems, IEEE Communications Magazine and LNCS. He has organized and chaired several technical sessions and gave tutorials at major international conferences. He is the author of 3 books and 95 international publications in journals and conferences.
RFID –
Radio Frequency Identification: Technology Basics and Business Uses
Gottfried Luderer, Arizona State University, USA
Imagine that arbitrary objects and even people or animals can carry a small inexpensive tag, replacing the ubiquitous bar code by something like a cheap piece of circuitry – costing just a few cents. And furthermore that this tag can be read from a short distance of a few meters without the need for a line-of- sight connection. The tag can be coded with its own unique identification. The tag does not need its own power source but is discovered by nearby reading devices sending short inquiry messages and listening to the coded “back scattered” responses.
The underlying technology has been around for many years, but it is just getting mature enough to become practically useful. RFID is in the process of widespread introduction, for monitoring merchandize in the supply chain from manufacturer to customer, e.g. at Walmart, to inclusion in your passport or implanting tags in your dog. This seminar will briefly survey the technology and look at various business applications. RFID categories like active and passive tags will be discussed as well as system architectures. What are obstacles to its introduction, technical and political, and potential benefits as well as abuses? Of all recently introduced electronic technologies, RFID may have the largest impact on our daily lives in the coming years.
Biography: Dr. Gottfried W. R. Luderer was appointed Professor, ISS Chair of Telecommunication, at Arizona State University in the Fall of 1990. His current research program in networking includes work in the areas of control of ISDN/Broadband ISDN networks, mobile communication networks, and multimedia communication, which ranges from call processing for intelligent network services to network management. Research emphasis is on advanced software technologies for development of telecommunication networks, as used in switches, for signaling and in network management, with a focus on object and component technology and formal definition techniques. From 1965 to 1989, Dr. Luderer was with AT&T Bell Labs, at last directing research on next generation switch architectures, based on fast packet switching technology on the hardware side and object-oriented design technology on the software side, resulting in some of the earliest demonstration networks for multimedia communication. Dr. Luderer holds Diplomingenieur (M.S) and Dr.-Ing. (Ph.D) degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany. He holds two patents. While at Bell Labs, he taught at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, NJ, and at Princeton University. He is member of ACM, IEEE, IEEE Computer and Communication Societies.
HUMAN EXPOSURE TO NON-IONIZING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Dragan Poljak
The presence of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in the environment has been associated with the controversy on the possible adverse health effects. Generally, the effects of electromagnetic fields on humans depend on their intensity and frequency.Thus, the fields are split into two main categories: low frequency spectrum (up to about 30kHz) and high frequency spectrum (from 30kHz to 300GHz).The objective of the tutorial is to provide fundamental information regarding the human interaction with electromagnetic radiation and to cover several aspects of electromagnetic and thermal dosimetry, biological effects, measurement techniques and exposure limits regarding the possible radiation hazard with reference to the existing International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) Guidelines for human beings exposure limits.
The tutorial starts with some general aspects of electromagnetic fields coupling to the human body and related possible health risk. The introductory part will also provide a quick course in fundamentals of electromagnetic theory.
The participants will be then introduced to the known coupling mechanisms between electromagnetic fields and the human body. Relevant safety standards and limiting exposures to electromagnetic radiation, established by he international guidelines and some protective measures will be discussed, as well.
This will be followed by certain calculation and measuring techniques for the analysis of electromagnetic field sources from extremely low frequency (ELF) to high frequency (HF) range.
The central part of the tutorial deals with the essentials of the mathematical modeling of humans exposed to electromagnetic fields using both simplified cylindrical antenna and realistic anatomically based representation of the human body and the related boundary element (BE) solution procedures of the governing equations.
The tutorial ends up with human body thermal response due to an absorbed electromagnetic energy from external sources. Some details regarding the numerical treatment of a stationary and transient bio-heat transfer equations via finite element method (FEM) will be given.
Biography: Dragan Poljak was born on 10 October 1965. He received his BSc in 1990, his MSc in 1994 and PhD in electrical engineering in 1996 from the University of Split, Croatia. He is the Full Professor at the Department of Electronics at the University of Split, and he is also Adjunct Professor at Wessex Institute of Technology. His research interests include frequency and time domain computational methods in electromagnetics, particularly in the numerical modelling of wire antenna structures, and numerical modelling applied to environmental aspects of electromagnetic fields. To date Professor Poljak has published nearly 200 journal and conference papers in the area of computational electromagnetics, seven authored books and one edited book, by WIT Press, Southampton-Boston., and one book by Wiley, New Jersey. Professor Poljak is a member of IEEE, a member of the Editorial Board of the journal Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, and co-chairman of the WIT International Conference on Computational Methods in Electrical Engineering and Electromagnetics. He is also editor of the WIT Press Series Advances in Electrical Engineering and Electromagnetics. In June 2004 professor Poljak was awarded by the National Prize for Science.
